Mesoporous Ag1(NH4)2PW12O40 heteropolyacids as effective catalysts for the esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel

Hypercrosslinked polystyrene sulphonic acid catalysts for the esterification of free fatty acids in biodiesel synthesis

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Valorization of Waste Cooking Oil into Biodiesel over Heteropolyacids Immobilized on Mesoporous Silica — A Kinetic Study

Biodiesel production by esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

Production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) having high free fatty acids (FFA) was investigated in this work. Batch esterifications of PFAD were carried out to study the influence of: including reaction temperatures of 70–100 1C, molar ratios of methanol to PFAD of 0.4:1–12:1, quantity of catalysts of 0–5.502% (wt of sulfuric acid/wt of PFAD) and reaction...

Bulky diarylammonium arenesulfonates as selective esterification catalysts.

More environmentally benign alternatives to current chemical processes, especially large-scale, fundamental reactions such as ester condensations, are highly desirable for many reactions. Bulky diarylammonium pentafluorobenzenesulfonates and tosylates serve as extremely active dehydration catalysts for the ester condensation reaction of carboxylic acids with equimolar amounts of sterically dema...

Monoalcoholates of 1,3-diols as effective catalysts in the Tishchenko esterification of 1,3-dioxan-4-ols

Alkali metal monoalcoholates of 1,3-diols can be used as very effective catalysts in the Tishchenko reaction of 4-hydroxy-1,3-dioxanes to the corresponding monoesters of 1,3-diols. These catalysts are extremely efficient and fast compared to metal hydroxides commonly used. Thus, monoalcoholate catalysts give fast transesterification with the product ester. The loss in yield due to ester interch...